Thunderstorm electric fields probed by extensive air showers through their polarized radio emission

T. N. G. Trinh, O. Scholten, A. Bonardi, S. Buitink, A. Corstanje, U. Ebert, J. E. Enriquez, H. Falcke, J. R. Hörandel, B.M. Hare, P. Mitra, K. Mulrey, A. Nelles, J. P. Rachen, L. Rossetto, C. Rutjes, P. Schellart, S. Thoudam, S. ter Veen, and T. Winchen KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University Groningen, P.O. Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands Interuniversity Institute for High-Energy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands NIKHEF, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands Netherlands Institute of Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, P.O. Box 20 24, Bonn Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnuniversitetet, 35195 Växjö, Sweden (Received 3 February 2017; published 7 April 2017)